On 12 July 2016, an arbitral tribunal constituted under Annex VII of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) issued a landmark award in The Republic of the Philippines v. The People’s Republic of China. The tribunal held that China’s claims to historic rights within the “nine-dash line” had no lawful effect beyond entitlements available under UNCLOS, and it found multiple Chinese actions unlawful vis-à-vis the Philippines’ rights in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ).

The defense chief also highlighted that it is China, not the Philippines, that continues to occupy disputed features such as Panganiban Reef (Mischief), which has been transformed into a Chinese‑controlled military‑civil installation in the Kalayaan Island Group (Spratly Islands). Manila’s position is that these features and the surrounding waters fall within the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, as affirmed by the 2016 tribunal.

Analysts warn the US focus on the Middle East could create an Indo-Pacific security vacuum, potentially allowing China to escalate in the WPS without strong deterrence. ⁹ However, Philippine-US joint activities, like sails near Scarborough Shoal, continue, and no heightened Chinese aggression tied to the war has been confirmed. ¹⁰ ¹¹ OFW safety in war-risk zones like the Strait of Hormuz adds indirect maritime concerns for Filipino seafarers.

The developments in Vietnam serve as a reminder that economic and security pressures in neighboring claimant states can have direct implications for Manila’s strategic posture, emphasizing the need for proactive maritime planning, regional coordination, and risk management.

Article by Monne Slyvia Published on March 20, 2026 04:36PM Filipino fisher from Subic, Zambales who regularly travels to the West Philippine Sea (WPS) shared that they are worried that rising fuel prices will further strain their livelihood, adding to the pressure they face from the presence of Chinese vessels in the area. Chinese vessels have long harassed Filipino fishermen in the WPS using loudspeakers for warnings, blocking access to fishing areas, and being shadowed by